Amidst a Violent Conflict, Syria’s Students Struggle for an Education
In a rare public appearance, Bashar Assad visited Damascus University on May 4 to dedicate a
statue to the martyrs from Syrian universities who have been killed in the
country’s two-year ongoing violence. While Assad’s appearance is
undoubtedly a calculated political move, there is no question that the state of
education in Syria has been devastated by the conflict that has consumed the
country.
Syrian students have been caught in the crossfire over the past two years of
war, with carnage being inflicted on campuses and schools on several occasions.
Aleppo
University was hit with two deadly explosions on January 15,
resulting in 82 casualties and over 190 wounded. Two months later, mortar
strikes hit Damascus University on March 28, killing
fifteen students according to the state-run news agency SANA.
While both the regime and opposition trade blame over who was responsible for
these attacks and other acts of violence, the toll that the Syrian conflict is
taking on students is severe, though difficult to measure considering the
lack of accurate information from the country.
A report
released by UNICEF in March 2013, covering the state of
Syrian youth, fears that, due to the effects the conflict is having on Syrian
youth and education, there will be a “lost generation.” The report states that,
“Many schools have been damaged, destroyed or taken over by
displaced people seeking shelter. Countless children suffer from the
psychological trauma of seeing family members killed, of being separated from
their parents and being terrified by the constant thunder of shelling.”
The report goes on to note that nearly 800,000 children under the age of 14 have
been internally displaced as a result of the violence in Syria, leaving
opportunities for schooling severely constrained.
At least 2,400
schools have been destroyed in the duration of the Syrian conflict, and
an estimated 1,500 are being used as forms of shelter
for displaced families. Where schooling is still available, cases
of overcrowded classrooms have been reported as a result of displaced families seeking schools for their children to attend.
Aside from the destruction of schools and universities and their transformation
into shelters, it is becoming increasingly difficult for students to
pursue education, especially in the north and south of the country, according to UNICEF.
“Even in those schools that are
still open, attendance is very irregular,” activist Omar Abu Layla told the New York Times. “Parents worry about sending their kids to
school because warplanes usually target schools where the displaced have sought
refuge.”
While opportunities for a coherent education inside Syria are deficient, the
situation for Syrian refugees in surrounding countries is not necessarily
better. The University of California, Davis Human Rights Initiative and the
Institute for International Education’s Scholar Rescue Fund conducted a study
on the status of refugee Syrian university students in Jordan. A
preliminary report released by the study states that, “The collapsing nature of
higher education inside Syria and the attendant internal and external
displacement of faculty and students is a generally unacknowledged and unmet
component of the larger civilian Syrian humanitarian disaster.”
Preliminary findings by the study claim that the cost of schooling in Jordan is
much higher than in Syria, making it difficult for some displaced Syrian students
to continue their education in Jordan. Syrian academics are also having a
difficult time finding employment in Jordanian academic institutions. In fact, Jordan’s current economic challenges make it difficult for
refugees overall.
The toll of war is often portrayed in the form of body counts and monetary
damage. However, the infrastructure that is torn to shreds by conflict, whether such infrastructure
is corrupted by politics or not, leaves a long-term negative impact on populations. The
destruction of educational infrastructure is among one of the most difficult
things to repair. It requires planning, equipment, an appropriate amount of
instructors, and a sense of security in the population.
In an article for the Brookings Institution, Maysa Jalbout and Rebecca Winthrop
summarize the need for attention to Syria’s education system by saying that “For Syria, as in Iraq and in most countries affected by
conflict, if education is not prioritized urgently and systematically, we can
also expect the same devastating legacy. It will result in less children and
youth going to school, fewer years of schooling, lower literacy rates and even
worse outcomes for those who were marginalized before the conflict, including
girls and women.”
Youth across the Middle East have often been credited for being the catalyst
for change in the Arab uprisings, including in Syria. Yet, while the actions of
Syrian youth may be fueling an uprising and the demands for regime change, the
impact of the resulting conflict on education will leave a lasting influence on
the country’s future.
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